Sources for
EARTH WILL SURVIVE*
*but we may not
The following books were the main sources. These books have served as Katie Coppens’ foundation of knowledge around the topics of Earth’s history, evolution, mass extinctions, and climate change:
Alvarez, Walter. T. Rex and the Crater of Doom. Princeton University Press, 2008.
Bjornerud, Marcia. Reading the Rocks: the Autobiography of the Earth. BasicBooks, 2007.
Hazen, Robert M. The Story of Earth: The First 4.5 Billion Years, from Stardust to Living Planet. Penguin Books. 2013.
Kolbert, Elizabeth. The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History. Bloomsbury, 2015.
Prothero, Donald R. The Story of the Earth in 25 Rocks. Columbia University Press, 2018.
Romm, Joseph J. Climate Change: What Everyone Needs to Know. Oxford University Press, 2018.
Zimmer, Carl. Evolution: the Triumph of an Idea. William Heinemann, 2001
Additional Sources:
Prologue:
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/exoplanet-census-suggests-earth-is-special-after-all/
http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20161026-the-secret-of-how-life-on-earth-began
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/prehistoric-world/mass-extinction/
https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2002/28jan_extinction
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/prehistoric-world/permian-extinction/
https://climate.nasa.gov/causes/
Chapter 1: Curiosities
https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/diapsids/saurischia/sauropoda.html
https://www.britannica.com/animal/sauropod
https://blog.nationalgeographic.org/2011/05/10/big-the-life-of-sauropod-dinosaurs/
https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/anning.html
https://blog.biodiversitylibrary.org/2015/10/uncovering-fish-lizard-ichthyosaurs-and.html
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mary-Anning
https://www.amnh.org/learn-teach/curriculum-collections/earth-inside-and-out/james-hutton
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/father-modern-geology-youve-never-heard-180960203/
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/mary-anning-an-amazing-fossil-hunter-60691902/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plesiosauria
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/mary-anning-paleontology/
Chapter 2: The Evolution of Evolution
https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article/99/1/1/4834091
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/five-early-primates-you-should-know-102122862/
https://www.britannica.com/animal/primate-mammal/Classification
http://humanorigins.si.edu/education/introduction-human-evolution
https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=100597929
https://www.britannica.com/topic/hominin
https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/mutationsanddisorders/evolution
https://www.linnean.org/learning/who-was-linnaeus
https://unews.utah.edu/darwins-finches-may-face-extinction/
https://www.britannica.com/animal/primate-mammal/Classification
Chapter 3: An Outsider’s Insight
https://www.britannica.com/animal/Mesosaurus
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alfred-Wegener
http://www.environmentandsociety.org/exhibitions/wegener-diaries/greenland-diaries
https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/geology/techist.html
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/extinction/massext/statement_03.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Tharp
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Luis-Alvarez
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/no-strangelove-ocean-17913192/
https://www.geolsoc.org.uk/Plate-Tectonics/Chap1-Pioneers-of-Plate-Tectonics/Harry-Hess
https://www.fws.gov/midwest/eagle/nestingdata/countatdelist.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ipbc-6IvMQI
Chapter 4: Air: The Critical Balance of Earth’s Atmosphere
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/co2-emissions-will-break-another-record-in-2019/
https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/49368462
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2011/11/111121-great-dying-permian-mass-extinction-science/
https://www.noaa.gov/news/2019-was-2nd-hottest-year-on-record-for-earth-say-noaa-nasa
https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/bacteria/cyanointro.html
https://samnoblemuseum.ou.edu/understanding-extinction/mass-extinctions/end-ordovician-extinction/
https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/
https://sealevel.info/co2_and_ch4.html
https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-global-temperature
https://climatekids.nasa.gov/greenhouse-cards/
https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/arctic-meteorology/climate_change.html
https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/global-greenhouse-gas-emissions-data
https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions
https://www.bas.ac.uk/data/our-data/publication/ice-cores-and-climate-change/
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Cambrian-explosion
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/global-warming-overview/
https://climate.nasa.gov/climate_resources/4/graphic-dramatic-glacier-melt/
https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glaciers/questions/located.html
http://nsidc.org/greenland-today/
https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/polar-bear
https://www.britannica.com/science/Cambrian-explosion
https://www.britannica.com/science/Ordovician-Period/Paleoclimate
https://www.epa.gov/acidrain/what-acid-rain
https://www.epa.gov/acidrain/effects-acid-rain
https://www.energy.gov/science-innovation/energy-sources/fossil
https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/nuclear/
https://www.npr.org/2011/05/16/136288669/a-nuclear-powered-world
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/2020-will-rival-2016-for-hottest-year-on-record/
https://www.usc.edu.au/staff/professor-nick-paul
Chapter 5: Land and Sea: Deforestation and Ocean Acidification
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Belt_Movement
dioxide%20CO2,certain%20areas%20of%20the%20ocean.
https://www.nps.gov/seki/planyourvisit/sequoiagroves.htm
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/deforestation/
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/habitats/rain-forests/
https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/story/Ocean+Carbon+Uptake
https://onetreeplanted.org/pages/tree-facts
https://coast.noaa.gov/states/fast-facts/coral-reefs.html
https://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/invertebrates/ocean-acidification
https://coast.noaa.gov/states/fast-facts/coral-reefs.html
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature.2015.18287
https://www.unm.edu/~jbrink/365/Documents/Calculating_tree_carbon.pdf
https://unfoundation.org/blog/post/meet-a-scientist-pioneering-research-to-save-coral-reefs/
https://emmafcamp.com/contact/
Chapter 6: Human Caused Extinctions
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moa#Extinction
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haast%27s_eagle
https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2012/06/bonobos-join-chimps-closest-human-relatives
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critically_endangered
https://www.theatlantic.com/family/archive/2019/07/world-population-stop-growing/595165/
https://www.britannica.com/animal/woolly-rhinoceros
http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170221-reviving-woolly-mammoths-will-take-more-than-two-years
https://e360.yale.edu/features/global_extinction_rates_why_do_estimates_vary_so_wildly
https://www.fws.gov/endangered/species/us-species.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_megafauna
Chris Johnson Australia’s Mammal Extinctions: a 50,000 year history
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megatherium
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diprotodon
https://australian.museum/learn/science/human-evolution/the-spread-of-people-to-australia/
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2017/07/australia-aboriginal-early-human-evolution-spd/
https://www.britannica.com/animal/elephant-mammal/Reproduction-and-life-cycle
Chapter 7: Unintended Consequences and Plastic
https://whsrn.org/whsrn_sites/mono-lake/
https://www.webmd.com/children/bpa#3
https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/microplastics.html
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/great-pacific-garbage-patch/
https://www.britannica.com/science/plastic-pollution
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cp4H3uXl1Lk&t=3s
https://abcnews.go.com/US/plastic-bag-bans-helping-environment-results/story?id=68459500
https://blog.epa.gov/2016/11/01/confronting-plastic-pollution-one-bag-at-a-time/
https://stanfordmag.org/contents/the-link-between-plastic-use-and-climate-change-nitty-gritty
Chapter 8: Invasive species and the New Pangaea
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bd-The-Amphibian-Plague-2037002
https://ciglr.seas.umich.edu/peter-alsip/
https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-news-from-elsewhere-28658569
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_snapping_turtle
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6517766/pdf/zoolstud-56-028.pdf
https://nationalzoo.si.edu/animals/african-clawed-frog
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-49674-0
https://www.discovermagazine.com/environment/even-antarctica-has-invasive-species
https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/factsheet.aspx?SpeciesID=190
https://downeast.com/nature-2/green-crab-invasion/
https://afktravel.com/57247/10-most-invasive-species-in-africa/6/
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/2019/05/more-amphibians-at-extinction-risk-than-thought/
http://www.columbia.edu/itc/cerc/danoff-burg/invasion_bio/inv_spp_summ/Lates_niloticus.htm
https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/05/frog-fungus-death/560078/
Chapter 9: Profit Over Planet
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ExxonMobil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Australian_bushfire_season
https://sweden.se/nature/energy-use-in-sweden/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindou_Oumarou_Ibrahim
Chapter 10:The Clarity of 2020: A lesson in looking at the big picture
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/07/climate/climate-change-arctic-fires.html
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/16/climate/wildfires-globally.html
https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2020-fire-emissions/
https://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/disturbance/invasive_species/wns/control_management/biocontrol_fungus/
https://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2020/06/25/covid-19-impacts-climate-change/
https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200326-covid-19-the-impact-of-coronavirus-on-the-environment
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/covid-19-could-help-solve-climate-riddles1/
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-020-0581-y
https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=44837
https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=44837
https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/how_far_did_your_food_travel_to_get_to_you
Chapter 11: What You Buy: Changing Your Consumer Behavior
The New Art of Living Green by Erica Palmcrantz Aziz & Susanne Hovenäs
https://www.levi.com/US/en_US/blog/article/the-definitive-guide-to-denim/
http://css.umich.edu/factsheets/carbon-footprint-factsheet
Chapter 12: What You Eat: The Green Plate
https://beef.unl.edu/amountwatercowsdrink
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/methane/
http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2018/ph240/halper1/
https://www.cnn.com/2020/07/15/world/methane-emissions-record-scli-intl-scn/index.html
https://phys.org/news/2019-07-potential-methane-cows.html
https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/national/plantsanimals/pollinate/
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/urban-expeditions/food/food-journeys-graphic/
https://www.rd.com/food/things-you-never-knew-about-grocery-store-produce/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7TmcXYp8xu4
https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-46654042
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/food-how-altered/
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2017/03/bumblebees-endangered-extinction-united-states/
https://www.yaleclimateconnections.org/2019/05/the-right-seafood-choices-help-fight-climate-change/
https://www.businessinsider.com/the-top-10-foods-with-the-biggest-environmental-footprint-2015-9
Chapter 13: What You Throw Away: Trash, Compost, and Recycling
https://www.epa.gov/recycle/composting-home
https://www.npr.org/transcripts/741283641
https://faq.usps.com/s/article/Refuse-unwanted-mail-and-remove-name-from-mailing-lists
https://www.nrcm.org/programs/sustainability/product-stewardship/paint/
Chapter 14: How You Use Energy: Heating, Cooling, Driving, and More
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-to-pick-a-lawnmower/
https://www.energysage.com/solar/community-solar/community-solar-power-explained/
https://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2019/01/15/heat-pumps-home-heating/
Chapter 15: How You Vote: Electing Leaders Who Lead Us in the Right Direction
https://www.npr.org/2013/03/28/175550949/imf-gas-prices-dont-reflect-true-costs
https://time.com/5594194/banned-cfc-ozone-china/
https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/what-is-the-paris-agreement
http://www.earth-policy.org/books/pb4/PB4ch10_ss2